Specific Weight Calculator
Fast, accurate, and free online Specific Weight Calculator tool that runs directly in your browser.
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Other tools you may find usefulSpecific gravity calculator - mass, volume and density of material
Calculate the specific gravity of a substance or material. Enter the weight and volume and the calculator will automatically provide the specific gravity inN/m³orkN/m³. The perfect tool for engineers, physics students, geotechnicians and builders. In a second you will learn the relationship between mass, density and gravitational acceleration.
Run specific gravity calculator See formulas and examples
What is specific gravity
Specific gravity determines the force of gravity acting on a unit of volume of a given substance. It is a vector quantity expressing how much weight falls on 1 cubic meter of material. Unlikedensity, specific gravity takes into account the acceleration due to gravityg.
Specific gravity formula
γ = ρ g
where:
γ – specific weight [N/m³]
ρ – material density [kg/m³]
g – acceleration due to gravity ≈ 9.81 m/s²For simplicity, it is assumedg = 9.81. If you know the mass and volume, you can first calculate the density and then multiply by g. This will give you the specific gravity in units of force per volume.
Alternative formulas
γ = (m g) / V
ρ = m/V
m = (γ · V) / g
V = (m · g) / γThe calculator allows calculations in any direction - you can enter specific gravity and volume to determine mass, or vice versa. Results are converted automatically to SI and engineering units.
How to use the calculator
- Select what you want to calculate - specific gravity, density, mass or volume.
- Enter known values in the appropriate fields (e.g. ρ, g, V).
- ClickCalculate. The tool will give the result in N/m³ and kN/m³.
- The results can be compared with the building materials table.
Calculation examples
Water
ρ = 1000 kg/m³, g = 9.81 m/s².
γ = 1000 × 9.81 =9810 N/m³ = 9.81 kN/m³.
Concrete
ρ = 2400 kg/m³ → γ = 2400 × 9.81 =23.54 kN/m³.
Typical value for structural concrete.
Steel
ρ = 7850 kg/m³ → γ = 77.0 kN/m³.
One of the heaviest construction materials used in engineering.
Wood (pine)
ρ = 600 kg/m³ → γ = 5.89 kN/m³.
Light material, used in frame structures.
Table of specific gravity of materials
| Material | Specific gravity [kN/m³] | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Air | 0.012 | at 20 °C |
| Water | 9.81 | pure, 4 °C |
| Engine oil | 8.0 | average value |
| Reinforced concrete | 24 | standard construction |
| Iron | 77 | theoretical value |
| Lead | 113 | heavy metal |
| Granites | 26 | igneous rocks |
| Dry sand | 17 | road construction |
| Wet sand | 20 | saturated with water |
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
What is the difference between density and specific gravity?
Density is mass per unit volume, and specific gravity is the force of gravity per unit volume. Relationship: γ = ρ · g.
What are the units of specific gravity?
The basic unit isN/m³. In engineering,kN/m³.
is often used. How to convert specific gravity to density?
Divide the value of γ by the acceleration due to gravity: ρ = γ / g.
Does temperature affect the result?
Yes. As the temperature increases, the density decreases and therefore the specific gravity also decreases.
Applications of the calculator
Geotechnics and construction
Calculate the specific gravity of soil, aggregate or concrete to determine the vertical loads of the structure.
Physics and materials engineering
Analysis of the properties of materials and fluids in the design of technical devices.
Hydraulics and environmental engineering
Estimation of buoyancy forces, hydrostatic pressure and fluid loads.
Technical education
Learning the relationship between density, mass and weight - exercises for pupils and students.
Summary:specific gravity is one of the key concepts in physics and engineering. The calculator allows you to determine the relationships between density, mass and volume in just a few seconds, supporting quick design and laboratory calculations.